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Betta pugnax
Cantor 1849
Betta pugnax male [3]
More Photos
Keeping Betta pugnax in Captivity
from an Aquarists view
| Housing |
Betta pugnax can be housed in pairs, species tanks
and community tanks. Pairs should be housed in a minimum of 10
gallon however a 20 gallon is preferable. Pairs should have
cover such as caves and plants. In a species or pair tank fry
could be discovered in the tanks. For best results remove
brooding males or all other fish. |
| Water Conditions |
Not critical, pugnax is very tolerant of water
chemistry as long as the water is well filtered and clean.
Should be kept in mid 70s F however will tolerate water from mid 60s
to 80s. |
| Sexing |
Males have a broader head then females and much
longer pelvic fins and will have spikes on the anal and caudal fins.
Males will also develop "green cheek flashes".
 
|
| Reproduction |
Pugnax is a paternal mouthbrooder and the males
incubate for around 12 to 15 days with 14 days being very consistent
at mid 70s F. |
| Similar Species |
All Pugnax Complex Species |
| Identification |
Location and Morphological properties.
Different locations can vary widely on physical appearance. |
Articles on Betta pugnax
None
Articles on related species
Betta
enisae, a "New" Species of Mouthbrooding Betta
Michael Hellwig, 2002
General Articles on Betta
species
I’ve Got a New Mouthbrooding Betta – Now What? Michael
Hellwig, 2003
| Original Citation |
Cantor, T. E. 1849. [34] |
| References |
Welcomme, R.L., 1988. [112]
Baensch, H.A. and R. Riehl, 1991. [25]
Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A.
Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott, 1991. [88]
Grabda, E. and T. Heese, 1991. [45]
Eldredge, L.G., 1994. [39]
Nielsen, J.G., 1981. [76]
Lim, K.K.P. and P.K.L. Ng, 1990. [63]
Tan, H.H. and S.H. Tan, 1996. [106]
Kottelat, M. and A.J. Whitten, 1996. [114]
Lever, C., 1996. [62]
Riehl, R. and H.A. Baensch, 1996. [86]
Schliewen, U., 1992. [94]
Kottelat, M., 1985. [57]
Panitvong, Nonn. 2001. [78]
Liebetrau, Sue. 1975.[122]
Liebetrau, Sue. 1975. [123]
Liebetrau, Sue. 1975. [124]
Liebetrau, Sue. 1975 [125]
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| Type Locality |
Pinang [Penang], Malaysia. |
| Syntype |
BMNH 1860.3.19.317-318 (2, skins)
BMNH 1860.3.19.930 (1) |
| Where Found |
Countries:
|
Cambodian
Guam (Introduced)
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand
Vietnam
|
| Known Occurrences: |
Brunei Darsm: Belait District; Sungai Arang
Trib. Stream Of Ulubelait, Downstream From Sg. Tempine And Sg.
Jagit.
Brunei Darsm: Daerah Belait: Sungai Pang, Trib. Of Sungai
Belait,Downstream From Kampung Sukang. (Photographs Taken
Ofstream).
Brunei Darsm: Daerah Belait: Trib. Of Ulu Ingei Just Below
Hotsprings. (Photographs Taken Of Habitat And Hot Springs).
Brunei Darsm: Daerah Belait: Trib. Stream Of Ulu Belait
Thatenters Ulu Belait Downstream From Lubok Tapah,
Betweenmarkers 1042 And
Brunei Darsm: Oxbow Lake Off Ulu Godangungan, (Lugan
Godangungan),Trib. Of Sungai Belait.
Brunei Darsm: Stream Through Kerangas (Heath) Forest, Trib.
Ofulu Ingei, Between Markers 1028 And 1029.
Brunei Darsm: Sungai Bau, Trib. Stream Of Sungai Belait,
Upstreamfrom Kg Melilas. Small Partially Shaded
Rainforesttributary Stream
Brunei Darsm: Sungei Jagit, Trib. Stream Of Sungei
Belait,Downstream From Kg Melilas.
Brunei Darsm: Trib. Stream Of Sungai Belait Between Ulu
Penepirand Kampung Melilas.Small Rainforest Stream,
Waterextremely Low. Sei
Brunei Darsm: Ulu Topi, Trib. Stream That Enters The Main
Channelfrom The Right Bank.
Cambodia: Kirikum
Cambodia: Sihanoukville
Cambodia: Stung Treng
Indonesia: Borneo: Small Forested Stream, 3-5 M Wide And 1 M
Deep,Where It Flows Into Sungai Mandai 2-3 Km Upstream From
Itsconfluence Wi (0 N 112 E )
Indonesia: Indrapura Estate, O.-Sumatra, Indonesien
Indonesia: Kalimantan: Putussibau (0 48.0 N 112 47.0 E)
Indonesia: Kapuas, Borneo
Indonesia: Somgei Lalah, Indragiri, Sumatra, Indonesien
Indonesia: Sumatra: Lake Prapat, Toba
Indonesia: Tandjong, O.-Sumatra, Indonesien
Malaysia: (Malay Peninsula) Mawai District, Johore. 50-60
Miles N. Ofsingapore.
Malaysia: 100 km, südlich Kwala Lumpur, Malaysia
Malaysia: 14.75 miles east of Kuala Lumpur.
Malaysia: 18 miles northeast of Kuala Lumpur.
Malaysia: 2 miles north of Sauk.
Malaysia: 5 miles north of Kota Tinggi.
Malaysia: 50-60 miles north of Singapore.
Malaysia: 8 miles north of Kota Tinggi.
Malaysia: Baram River
Malaysia: Botanic Garden, Pinang
Malaysia: Drainage canals, Mawai Estate, Kota Tinggi, Johore
Malaysia: Forest Pool Near Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, F.M.S.,
Junglepool
Malaysia: Gunong Pulai, stream flowing into reservoir.
Malaysia: Johore
Malaysia: Kota Tinggi
Malaysia: Kwala Jelai
Malaysia: Kwala Lumpur
Malaysia: Malay Penninsula: Gunong Pulai-Johore
Malaysia: Poeh, Sarawak
Malaysia: Pool formed by road building 56 km. S. of Kota
Tinggi on road to Kg. S. Rangit
Malaysia: River Kahang just N. of the small town of Kahang 1
km. Aapproximately
Malaysia: Sarawak River, (Senah branch)
Malaysia: Simpang Rengam
Malaysia: Stream between Pineapple plantations on S.W. side of
road Johor Bahru to Pontian near 14 km. Roadsign
Malaysia: Stream under road ½ mile before the Lombong
waterfall resqrt.
Malaysia: Stream under road from Mersing to Kota Tinggi, 26
km. N. of Kota Inggi
Malaysia: Stream under road Johor Bahru to Pontian 21 km. From
Pontian and just E. of Pekan Nenas
Malaysia: Tapah Fisheries Station. Malaysia: Temerloh, Perak
Malaysia: West Malaysia: Small Forest Tributaries Of Sungai
Sedilibesar, 6-14 Miles N Of Kota Tinggi (On The Road To
Mersing), Johore
Singapore: Mandai Road.
Singapore: Sungei Bajau, Pasir Laba road
Singapore: Sungei, Kahang, Kahang Village, Kluang, Jemeluang
Road, Kluang District, Johore
Thailand: Siam, Penin: Klong Nakon Noi Nakon Sritamarat
Thailand: Small canal in rubber plantation, about 30 km
southeast of Trang city (Palian dist., Changwat Trang).
Thailand: Stream Near Patalung
Thailand: |
| Miscellaneous Information |
Max Size:
|
12.0 cm TL |
| pH range: |
5.0 - 6.0 |
| dH range: |
5.0 - 12.0 |
| Temperature range: |
24 - 28°C |
| Biotope: |
Occurs in small fast flowing forest streams [63]
Inhabits overhanging bank vegetation, submerged leaf litter and
exposed roots of bank vegetation. [106] |
| Reproduction: |
Mouthbrooder. Spawns in a depression on the
substrate. Male broods the eggs in his mouth until hatching [63].
Produces a minimum of 100 eggs. [25] |
| General notes: |
"[Writing about the synonym Betta brederi
Myers, 1935] A length of six inches is not uncommon. The
color is typical too: dark green spangles over brown…The female
frequently shows a strong striped pattern (horizontal),
especially at spawning time…the dorsal fin tends to be pointed
in both sexes, but that of the male has been described as
"spear-like" and may be used as a sexing distinction. The male's
anal fin is more pointed…with extended fin rays at the point.
His tail too, comes more to a point than the female's…He may
brood up to 40 eggs, and that is a mouthful…The eggs supposedly
hatch in about three days. Then, he broods the fry in his mouth
for another 14 days." [122]
"Betta pugnax is another mouthbrooder. Dr. William Innes
in Exotic Aquarium Fishes, calls [B.] brederi
a form of [B.] pugnax, but here is the description from
Sterba, 'Sober gray-blue to fine red-brown…Fins yellowish with
rows of brown spots…occasionally very attractively
colored…strikingly contrasted red-brown colour over the
underside of the head and the belly…fins bright red.'" [125] |
Last modification submitted by Gerald
Griffin
09.09.07
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Betta pugnax female
Photo by Atison Phumchoosri [4] |
Betta pugnax female [3] |
Betta cf. pugnax
Photo by TEAM BORNEO [6] |
Betta cf. pugnax
Photo by Tony Terceira
[11] |
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